![]() ![]() ![]() GOES satellites are placed into a geosynchronous orbit that keeps them over a specific location on the earth. GOES-U is planned for launch in April 2024. GOES-17 is now the on-orbit standby for the operational constellation. GOES-17 served as GOES West from Februuntil it was replaced by GOES-18 on January 4, 2023. GOES-16 replaced GOES-13 as NOAA’s operational GOES East satellite at 75.2 degrees west longitude on December 18, 2017. The first satellite in the series, GOES-R, launched on November 19, 2016, and became GOES-16 when it reached geostationary orbit. GOES-17 joined its sister satellite, GOES-16, in orbit. GOES-S launched on Maand was renamed GOES-17 when it reached geostationary orbit on March 12, 2018. GOES-18 replaced GOES-17 as the operational GOES West satellite at 137.0 degrees west longitude on January 4, 2023. GOES-T reached geostationary orbit on March 14, 2022, and was renamed GOES-18. GOES-T lifted off from Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida, aboard an Atlas V 541 rocket. GOES-T, the third satellite in the GOES-R Series, launched on March 1, 2022. This allows meteorologists to observe large-scale circulation patterns even when clouds are not present. Water vapor imagery is a very valuable tool for weather analysis and prediction because water vapor imagery shows moisture in the atmosphere, not just cloud patterns. The darker regions in water vapor imagery are areas where very little water vapor exists in the middle and upper troposphere, and the lighter regions are very moist. The wavelength spectrum used to detect water vapor is in the 6.7 to 7.3 micrometer wavelength range. Water vapor imagery is used to analyze the presence and movement of water vapor moisture in the upper and middle levels of the atmosphere. Infrared imagery is useful for determining cloud features both at day and night. The infrared channel senses this re-emitted radiation. The Earth’s surface, clouds, and the atmosphere then re-emit part of this absorbed solar energy as heat. Clouds and the atmosphere absorb a much smaller amount. The Earth’s surface absorbs about half of the incoming solar energy. In the infrared (IR) channel, the satellite senses energy as heat. Since visible imagery is produced by reflected sunlight (radiation), it is only available during daylight. Clouds, the Earth's atmosphere, and the Earth's surface all absorb and reflect incoming solar radiation. The visible channel reflects solar radiation. Clouds usually appear white, while land and water surfaces appear in shades of gray or black. Visible satellite images, which look like black and white photographs, are derived from the satellite’s signals. The most commonly used channels on weather satellites are the visible, infrared, and water vapor. MORE DETAILSĮnvironmental satellites provide data in several different formats. The GOES-R Series SARSAT transponder operates with a lower uplink power than the current system (32 bBm), enabling GOES-R Series satellites to detect weaker beacon signals. This system uses a network of satellites to quickly detect and locate signals from emergency beacons onboard aircraft, vessels and from handheld personal locator beacons. The GOES-R Series continues the legacy function of the SARSAT system on board NOAA’s GOES satellites. The SARSAT system detects and locates mariners, aviators and other recreational users in distress. Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) ![]() The HRIT service is a new high data rate (400 Kpbs) version of the previous LRIT (Low Rate Information Transmission), broadcasting GOES-R Series satellite imagery and selected products to remotely-located user terminals. The Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN) is a direct service that provides users with weather forecasts, warnings, graphics and other information directly from the National Weather Service (NWS) in near real-time. GRB replaces the GOES VARiable (GVAR) service High Rate Information Transmission/Emergency Managers GOES Rebroadcast provides the primary relay of full resolution, calibrated, near-real-time direct broadcast space relay of Level 1b data from each instrument and Level 2 data from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM). The satellites also provide unique capabilities to relay data directly to users to meet critical needs Data Collection System (DCS)ĭCS is a satellite relay system used to collect information from Earth-based data collection platforms that transmit in-situ environmental sensor data from more than 20,000 platforms across the hemisphere. Remote environmental sensing is only part of the GOES-R Series mission. ![]()
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